Research status of occupational methanol poisoning based on literature bibliometrics / 中国职业医学

@#Objective To analyze the research status and hotspot of occupational methanol poisoning at home and abroad. Methods ， The China National Knowledge Resource Database Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform and Web of Science were used as the data sources. The relevant literatures on occupational methanol poisoning published in domestic and foreign ， Results journals up to June 30 2021 were searched. The bibliometrics was used to analyzed the literatures. A total of 255 literatures were included in analysis. There were 187 Chinese articles and 68 English articles. Most of Chinese articles were ， ， published from 2001 to 2005 with an average of 26.7 literatures per five years until June 2021. Among them 72 literatures （ ）， ， were published in core journals 38.5% and 176 authors from 27 provinces autonomous regions and municipality directly ， under the central government published relevant literatures. The research contents mainly focused on the classification ， ， poisoning mode clinical manifestations visual impairment and poisoning prevention and treatment of occupational methanol - ， poisoning. Most of the English literatures were published in 2016 2020 with an average of 4.9 articles per five years until June ， （ ）， 2021. Among them 36 were published in SCI journals 52.9% and 57 authors from 11 countries published relevant ， ， ， literatures. The research contents mainly focused on the clinical diagnosis drug treatment intoxication mechanism visual Conclusion sequelae and brain injury of occupational methanol poisoning. The research on occupational methanol poisoning ， ， ， mainly focuses on clinical diagnosis clinical manifestations treatment and prognosis and pathogenesis. The focus of relevant research at home and abroad is different.

Anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment can effectively improve the clinical remission rates of irritable bowel syndrome: a controlled clinical trial meta-analysis

Here we used a meta-analysis of several clinical trials to determine whether anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy has any positive effect on IBS patients. Here we compared the effective clinical remission rates between IBS patients treated with anti-H. pylori therapy and those who were not. This data would provide more clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of novel treatments and intervention points for IBS patients. Relevant studies were identified using keyword searches on various electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CNKI, and CBM. Keywords included "helicobacter pylori" and "irritable bowel syndrome" among others. The literature was screened using relatively strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and RevMan 5.3.5 and Stata 15.1 software were used for meta-analysis and to assess publication bias and sensitivity. A total of ten studies met all of the inclusion criteria; these included 655 IBS patients with H. pylori infection, of these, 385 patients were in the experimental group and 270 patients were in the control group. A random-effects model was used to pool the odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CIs) and the combined OR was 2.87 (95% CI: 1.74-4.72), p<0.0001. These findings suggest that anti-H. pylori therapy can effectively improve the remission rates of H. pylori-positive IBS patients. H. pylori infection is known to correlate with the incidence of IBS. Anti-H. pylori treatment can effectively improve the clinical remission rates of IBS patients. Whether this means that IBS patients should be actively treated with anti-H. pylori compounds as a novel strategy to improve the remission rates needs to be evaluated in vivo.

Current quality standards of Andrographis Herba of different countries and regions / 中国中药杂志

Andrographis Herba is a commonly used plant medicine, and has been recorded in pharmacopeias of different countries. However, there are some differences in the quality standards. Based on this, this paper compare the quality standards of Andrographis Herba between Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards, United States Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia and Indian Pharmacopoeia, including origin, botanical characteristics, identification(microscopic identification and chromatographic identification), content determination, specific test(such as impurities, loss on drying, extractives, pesticides, heavy metals, mycotoxins, and other items) and storage requirements, so as to provide a reference for studying international quality standards of Andrographis.

Serine and arginine-rich splicing factor-1 gene affects the proliferation of glioma U87 cells by regulating the translation process / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@# Objective: To investigate the effect of serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) on proliferation and cell cycle of U87 cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Gene silencing technology was used to knockdown SRSF1, and stable SRSF1 knockdown cell lines with two different targeting sites (shSRSF1-1 and shSRSF1-2) were obtained. Cell counting kit (CCK-8) was performed to detect proliferation of U87, and flow cytometry was performed to detect cell cycle of U87 with or without SRSF1 knockdown. qPCR and WB were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of cell division related genes (CEP70 and SMC4). WB was performed to detect the effect of SRSF1 knockdown on phosphorylation of translation initiation protein 4E-BP1. Results: Compared with control group, the protein level of SRSF1 was significantly decreased in U87 cells of shSRSF1-1 and shSRSF1-2 groups ( P <0.01), and the proliferation was significantly decreased (P<0.01); in addition,U87 cells were remarkably arrested at G2 phasein shSRSF1-1 and shSRSF1-2 groups (P<0.01). Although the mRNA levels of CEP70 and SMC4 did not change significantly ( P >0.05), the protein levels of CEP70 and SMC4 were lower in U87 cells of shSRSF1-1 and shSRSF1-2 groupsas compared with control group (all P<0.01). And the levels of phosphorylated 4E-BP1 were also inhibited in U87 cellsof shSRSF1-1 and shSRSF1-2 groups as compared with control group ( P <0.01). Conclusion: SRSF1 knockdown decreased the phosphorylation of 4EBP1 and inhibited the translation process of CEP70 and SMC4, there by resulting in cell cycle retardant in G2 phase and proliferation repression of glioma U87 cells.

Effect of Quercetin on Apoptosis of Platelets and Its Mechanism / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of quercetin on the apoptosis of platelets and to analyze the intrinsic mechanism.@*METHODS@#Firstly, the effects of quecetin on the apoptosis of platelets was detected by flow cytometry. Secondly, Western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the platelets treated with quercetin for 2 and 4 day.@*RESULTS@#By flow cytometry, it was found that the apoptosis of platelets in the quercetin-treated group (2, 4 and 8 μmol/L) was inhibited, the apoptosis rate of platelets in 2, 4 and 8 μmol/L quercetin group was 3.12%±0.32%, 2.89%±0.15% and 2.31%±0.28%, respectively, which were signigicantly lover than that in control group (P＜0.01). With the increase of quecetin concentration, the proportion ratio of platelets significantly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner（r=-0.9985）. Similar results were observed on the 4th day. Western blot showed that the treatment with quercetin (2, 4 and 8 μmol/L) promoted the expression of anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2, inhibited the expression of pro-apoptotic protein BAX, resulting in a significant increase in the ratio of BCL-2/BAX (P＜0.01), thereby inhibiting the apoptosis of platelets. Similar results were observed on the 4th day.@*CONCLUSION@#Quercetin can inhibit platelet apoptosis by increasing the ratio of apoptosis-related protein BCL-2/BAX in a concentration-dependent manner.

Laparoscopic splenectomy for patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and Helicobacter pylori / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the short-term and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic splenectomy combined with eradication of Helicobacter pylori (HP) in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).Methods 72 patients with ITP were divided into three groups:the eradication of Hp group (group A),the untreated or failure group (group B),and the Hp-negative group (group C).Results Hppositive Patients (group A and group B) were significantly shorter in the course of disease before splenectomy (26.7± 13.8 months vs.45.2±22.1 months,P＜0.05),and lower in platelet counts peak within 7 days after splenectomy (134.9±53.9) × 109/L vs.(250.9± 160.5) × 109/L,P＜0.05) than Hp-negative patients.After discharge from hospital,in 28 patients who received infection therapy against Hp by taking amoxicillin,CLA,omeprazole for one month,21 (75.0％) patients had the Hp eradicated,but in 7 patients the eradication failed.The PLT between these 2 groups of patients were (189.6± 114.8)× 109/L vs.(124.0±45.7) × 109/L,(P＜0.05).The long-term outcomes in platelet counts and remission rates after spleuectomy of the three groups of patients were (149.7±90.6) × 109/L,76.1％ (group A);(98.5±64.1) × 109/L,66.6％(group B);(172.4± 102.0)× 109/L,80.0％ (group C).The platelet count in group B was significantly lower than group C (P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance between group A and group C (P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the remission rates in the three groups.Conclusions Eradication of Hp improved the short-term and long-term outcomes of Hp-positive ITP patients after splenectomy.

Increased Macroautophagy in Interferon-Gamma-Producing T Cells from Patients with Newly Diagnosed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Imbalance of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-17 producing by T cells is confirmed to contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Autophagy is now emerging as a core player in the development and the function of the immune system. Therefore, we investigated the autophagic behavior in IFN-γ-, IL-4-, and IL-17-producing T cells from patients with SLE.</p><p><b>Methods</b>Thirty patients with SLE and 25 healthy controls matched for gender and age were recruited between September 2016 and May 2017. The autophagic levels in IFN-γ T cells, IL-4 T cells, and IL-17 T cells from patients with newly diagnosed SLE and healthy controls were measured using flow cytometry. The plasma levels of IFN-γ were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in SLE patients and healthy controls. Unpaired t-tests and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare data from patients with SLE and controls. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was applied for calculation of the correlation between parallel variables in single samples.</p><p><b>Results</b>Our results showed increased percentage of autophagy in IFN-γ T cells from patients with SLE and healthy controls ([8.07 ± 2.72]% vs. [3.76 ± 1.67]%, t = 5.184, P < 0.001), but not in IL-4 T cells or IL-17 T cells (P > 0.05) as compared to healthy donors. Moreover, the plasma levels of IFN-γ in SLE patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls ([68.9 ± 29.1] pg/ml vs. [24.7 ± 17.6] pg/ml, t = 5.430, P < 0.001). Moreover, in SLE patients, the percentage of autophagy in IFN-γ T cells was positively correlated with the plasma levels of IFN-γ (r = 0.344, P = 0.046), as well as the disease activity of patients with SLE (r = 0.379, P = 0.039).</p><p><b>Conclusion</b>The results indicate that autophagy in IFN-γ T cells from SLE patients is activated, which might contribute to the persistence of T cells producing IFN-γ, such as Th1 cells, and consequently result in the high plasma levels of IFN-γ, and then enhance the disease activity of SLE.</p>

Clinical efficacy of ABO-incompatible living donor liver transplantation: a Meta analysis / 器官移植

Objective To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of ABO-incompatible living donor liver transplantation (ABO-I LDLT) and compare with ABO-compatible LDLT (ABO-C LDLT). Methods A systematic search of multiple databases at home and abroad was conducted to retrieve the literatures related to the statistical comparison of clinical efficacy between ABO-I LDLT and ABO-C LDLT. The literature screening was conducted, the quality of literatures was evaluated and data extraction was performed. Using Rev Man 5.3 software, a Meta-analysis was performed by random effect model or fixed effect model. Results A total of 432 articles were searched, and 6 articles published in English were eventually included according to the inclusion criteria. The Meta-analysis demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the postoperative 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate of the recipients and grafts and the incidence of rejection responses between the ABO-I LDLT and ABO-C LDLT groups (all P≥0.05). The incidence of postoperative biliary complications and hepatic artery embolization in the ABO-I LDLT group was significantly higher than that in the ABO-C LDLT group [odds ratio (OR)=2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-3.45, P=0.005; OR=2.24, 95%CI 1.03-4.89, P=0.04]. Conclusions Compared with the ABO-C LDLT, ABO-I LDLT yields lower clinical efficacy, whereas it is still an effective method for the treatment of end-stage liver disease.

Clinical Study on Yiqi Qufeng Formula for Treatment of Cough Variant Asthma / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To discuss the clinical efficacy of Yiqi Qufeng Formula for the treatment of cough variant asthma. Methods Totally 90 cases of cough variant asthma were divided into treatment group and control group through random number table method,with 45 cases in each group.Treatment group was given Yiqi Qufeng Formula, one dose per day, twice a day, orally; while control group was given montelukast sodium tablets, once a day, every night, orally. The treatment for both groups lasted for 4 weeks. Changes in the cough scores, the LCQ total scores, and the recurrence of cough were observed. Results The total effective rate was 93.33% (42/45) in the treatment group and 75.56% (34/45) in the control group, and the treatment group was better than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, cough scores decreased in both groups, with treatment group lower than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, LCQ total scores in both groups increased, with treatment group higher than the control group (P<0.05). The recurrence rate of cough was 14.29% (6/42) for the treatment group and 52.94% (18/34) for the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Yiqi Qufeng Formula has obvious efficacy for treatment of cough variant asthma, which can effectively relieve the cough symptom, reduce the chance of recurrence and improve life quality of patients.

Relationship between preoperative FIB-4 and hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis after curative resection / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective: To investigate the correlation between FIB-4 and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection. Methods: From January 2009 to December 2012, the clinicopathological and follow-up data of 245 patients with HCC after curative resection were retrospectively studied. Their survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for the multivariate analysis. Results: According to FIB-4 index, patients were divided into two subgroups: FIB-4Ⅰ(≤3.25) and FIB-4Ⅱ(>3.25). FIB-4 could predict liver cirrhosis severity (Ishak grade, Grade 1-5 vs. Grad 6, r=0.681, P<0.001). It was associated with liver function such as:aspartate transaminase (P<0.001)、total bilirubin (P=0.009)、albumin (P=0.001) and platelet count (P<0.001) other than tumor clinicopathologic features. Both univariate and multivariate analysis showed FIB-4 could predict the prognosis of HCC patients (Overall survival: P=0.037 and 0.011; Recurrencefree survival: P=0.027 and P=0.043, respectively). Conclusion: The preoperative FIB-4 index could be used as a prognostic marker for the prognosis of HCC after curative hepatectomy.

"Application of ""Preventive Treatment"" for Stable Bronchiectasis" / 中国中医药信息杂志

Although the symptom of stable bronchiectasis is not significant, the four pathological factors including qi stagnation, sputum obstruction, blood stasis and lung-spleen qi vacuity still exist inside patients' bodies, making them in the state of both healthy and ill. This article discussed the application of the idea of preventive treatment to intervene and treat, which could prevent the emergence of new diseases and the changing of existing diseases. It could prevent vacuity evil and bandit wind, depressed qi transforming into fire, phlegm depressed in the lung and channel obstruction caused by long-term diseases. It can effectively prevent the acute attack of bronchiectasis and improve the patients' lung function and life quality.

Long-term therapeutic response of two therapies for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To compare the perioperative outcomes and long-term therapeutic response of laparoscopic splenectomy versus open splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.Methods A retrospective analysis of 124 patients who under-went splenectomy(68 LS and 56 OS)for ITP between January 2011 and January 2015 was conducted.Results Patients undergoing LS were found to require a longer operative time(P 0.05).Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the relapse-free survival rate between the groups (P =0.679).Conclusion Compared with open splenectomy,laparoscopic splenectomy for patients with ITP has similar long-term therapeutic response,but it has advantages of minimally invasiveness.

Clinical Study on Yiqi Qufeng Formula for Treatment of Cough Variant Asthma / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To discuss the clinical efficacy of Yiqi Qufeng Formula for the treatment of cough variant asthma. Methods Totally 90 cases of cough variant asthma were divided into treatment group and control group through random number table method,with 45 cases in each group.Treatment group was given Yiqi Qufeng Formula, one dose per day, twice a day, orally; while control group was given montelukast sodium tablets, once a day, every night, orally. The treatment for both groups lasted for 4 weeks. Changes in the cough scores, the LCQ total scores, and the recurrence of cough were observed. Results The total effective rate was 93.33% (42/45) in the treatment group and 75.56% (34/45) in the control group, and the treatment group was better than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, cough scores decreased in both groups, with treatment group lower than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, LCQ total scores in both groups increased, with treatment group higher than the control group (P<0.05). The recurrence rate of cough was 14.29% (6/42) for the treatment group and 52.94% (18/34) for the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Yiqi Qufeng Formula has obvious efficacy for treatment of cough variant asthma, which can effectively relieve the cough symptom, reduce the chance of recurrence and improve life quality of patients.

Clinical assessment of 252Californium neutron intracavitary brachytherapy using a two-channel Y applicator combined with external beam radiotherapy for endometrial cancer

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of 252Californium neutron intracavitary brachytherapy using a two-channel Y applicator combined with external beam radiotherapy for the treatment of endometrial cancer. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with stage I-III endometrial cancer were recruited for this study. The stage I patients received only 252Californium neutron intracavitary brachytherapy with a two-channel applicator. The stage II and III patients received both 252Californium neutron intracavitary brachytherapy using a two-channel applicator and parallel-opposed whole pelvic radiotherapy. RESULTS: The five-year local control rate was 80.6% (25/31), the overall survival rate was 51.6% (16/31), and the disease-free survival rate was 54.8% (17/31). The incidence of serious late complications was 12.9% (4/31). CONCLUSIONS: 252Californium neutron intracavitary brachytherapy using a two-channel applicator combined with external beam radiotherapy was effective for treating endometrial cancer and the incidence of serious late complications related to this combination was within an acceptable range.

Current status of research on transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastasis / 临床肝胆病杂志

It is widely acknowledged that the liver is the most common organ for colorectal cancer metastasis, and radical resection is thought to be the only therapeutic method to cure colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM). Unfortunately, only about 20% of all patients are eligible for surgical resection. In patients who cannot be treated with surgery, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been widely used as the preferred therapeutic method by scholars at home and abroad. This article introduces the application basis, indications, contraindications, therapeutic effect, chemotherapeutic agents, and embolic agents of TACE in the treatment of CRLM, and points out that TACE is a palliative treatment regimen with a clear therapeutic effect, minimal invasion, and few side effects and can be used as the preferred therapeutic regimen for patients with unresectable CRLM.

Mechanical Strain Regulates Osteoblast Proliferation Through Ca-CaMK-CREB Signal Pathway / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To investigate the effects of mechanical strain on Ca-calmodulin dependent kinase (CaMK)-cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) signal pathway and proliferation of osteoblasts.Methods Using a four-point bending device, MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to mechanical tensile strains of 2500 µs and 5000 µs at 0.5 Hz respectively. The intracellular free Ca([Ca]i) concentration and calmodulin activity were assayed by fluorospectrophotometry, CaMK II β, CREB, and phosphorylated (activated) CREB (p-CREB) were assessed by Western blot, and cells proliferation was assayed with MTT. Pretreatment with verapamil was carried out to block Cachannel, and inhibitor U73122 was used to inhibit phospholipase C (PLC).Results Mechanical strains of 2500 µs and 5000 µs for 1 to 10 minutes both increased [Ca]i level of the cells. The 2500 µs strain, a periodicity of 1 h/d for 3 days, activated calmodulin, elevated protein levels of CaMK II β and p-CREB, and promoted cells proliferation, which were attenuated by pretreatment of verapamil or U73122. The effects of 5000 µs strain on calmodulin, CaMK II β, p-CREB and proliferation were contrary to 2500 µs strain.Conclusion The mechanical strain regulates osteoblasts proliferation through Ca-CaMK-CREB signal pathway via Cachannel and PLC/IPtransduction cascades.

Clinical efficacy of laparoscopic splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).Methods The clinical data of 84 patients with ITP who underwent LS at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2007 to January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.The potential prognosing indexes (gender,age,course of diseas,preoperative response to steroid,preoperative PLT,operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss and postoperative PLT peak within 7 days) were collected and analyzed.The evaluation of surgical efficacy was done according to the American Society of Hematology 2011 evidence-based practice guideline for ITP.The complete response and partial response were defined as effective and no response as void.All of the patients were followed up by outpatient examination and telephone interview till December 2014,the follow-up information included platelet count,bleeding performance,presence of long-term complications and postoperative recurrence,etc.Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as x ± s,and skew distribution data were described as M (range).The postoperative long-term effective rate was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method.The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were done using the chi-square test and Logistic regression model,respectively.Results The operation time of 84 patients was (154 ±40)minutes with a median volume of intraoperative blood loss as 200 mL (10-1 000 mL).Lienculus was detected in 11 patients and resected.Seven patients had complications and recovered after symptomatic and supportive treatment.There was no perioperative death.Among the 84 patients who were followed up for an average follow-up time of 51 months (12-96 months),45 patients had complete response,18 patients had partial response and 21 had no response,without serious spontaneous visceral and intracranial hemorrhage.Eighteen partial-response patients underwent symptomatic medical therapy and 21 no-response patients took orally prednisolone,among which 13 had PLT ＞ 30 × 109/L stably.During the follow-up,only one complete-response patient died of lung cancer with systemic metastasis at 2 years after surgery.Four patients had pneumonia,1 noresponse female patient had pyothorax repeatedly for a long time,and they all recovered after symptomatic and supportive treatments.There were no serious complications and overwhelming postsplenectomy infection in other patients.The 1-,3-,5-,7-year effective rates were 82.1％,77.6％,72.5％ and 67.9％,respectively.Univariate analysis showed that preoperative response to steroid,preoperative PLT and postoperative PLT peak within 7 days were related factors affecting long-term effecacy of patients with ITP (x2=5.600,6.006,21.733,P ＜ 0.05),but gender,age,course of disease,operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss were not related factors affecting long-term effecacy of patients with ITP (x2=0.018,2.684,0.000,0.064,0.397,P ＞ 0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative response to steroid and postoperative PLT peak within 7 days ≥300 × 109/L were independent protective factors affecting long-term efficacy (OR =5.426,19.454,95％ confidence interval:1.220-24.129,4.704-80.449,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions LS is safe and feasible for the treatment of ITP with a high long-term effective rate.Preoperative response to steroid and postoperative PLT peak within 7 days may be the predictors of LS for ITP.

Analysis of clinical data of 16 595 pediatric burn patients during fifteen years / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric burn in the midwest region of Inner Mongolia and the related areas, and to provide reference for seeking pertinent measures of prevention and treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Medical records of patients hospitalized in the 253rd Hospital of PLA, the 322nd Hospital of PLA, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital from January 1996 to December 2010 were collected. Patients were divided into pediatric burn group with specific reason (group SF, with scald resulted from construction defect of Guo-lian-kang--a heatable brick bed linked to a cooking pot), and burn control group with other causes (group C) according to the main injury cause. Clinical data of patients in both groups, including general condition, family background, occurrence regularity, and outcome, were analyzed. The epidemiological trend of variation before and after taking preventive measures (1996 to 2001 and 2002 to 2010) was compared. Data were processed with chi-square test and rank sum test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) General condition: out of 16 595 pediatric burn patients, 15 816 cases (95.3%) suffered scald due to liquids with high temperature, and 779 cases (4.7%) suffered burns due to other causes. Patients in group SF (scald due to specific cause--Guo-lian-kang) accounted for 32.2% (5089/15 816) of the total suffered scald by liquids with high temperature, and 30.7% (5089/16 595) of all the inpatients the cause of burn was related to Guo-lian-kang (group SF). The patients in group SF admitted to the 322nd Hospital of PLA accounted for 34.2% of all the inpatients admitted to this hospital (1803/5267), more than the other two hospitals in this study. The number of patients in group C was 11 506, accounted for 69.3% of all the inpatients. The age of patients ranged from 8 months to 5 years in group SF and 1 month to 12 years in group C. The age of the majority of patients ranged from 1 to 3 years in both groups. The ratio of male to female was 2.1:1.0 in group SF and 1.4:1.0 in group C. The incidence of scald involving multiple body parts in group SF (3590 cases accounting for 70.5%) was obviously higher than that of group C (6311 cases accounting for 54.8%, χ(2) = 361.138, P < 0.01). In both group SF and group C, the incidence in different sites was ranked from high to low as follows: upper limbs, lower limbs, the head-face-neck region, and the trunk. The degree of injury in group SF was much more severe than that of group C (Z = 27.770, P < 0.01). The rate of patients without pre-hospital treatment was 31.2% (1588/5089) in group SF, which was obviously higher than that of group C (24.8%, 2857/11 506, χ(2) = 73.010, P < 0.01). The rate of patients treated with cryotherapy was obviously lower in group SF (14.7%, 747/5089) than in group C (19.6%, 2255/11 506, χ(2) = 57.636, P < 0.01). The rate of patients treated with delayed resuscitation (6 hours after injury) in group SF (31.5%, 1601/5089) was obviously higher than that of group C (7.8%, 897/11 506, χ(2) = 1545.234, P < 0.01). (2) Family background and occurrence regularity: in group SF, 67.3% (3424/5089) of the patients came from farming area, 22.1% (1123/5089) from villages and towns, and 10.7% (542/5089) from urban areas. In group C, 32.4% (3727/11 506) of the patients came from farming area, 48.4% (5570/11 506) from villages and towns, and 19.2% (2209/11 506) from urban areas. Most of the patients in group SF (77.8%, 3958/5089) were injured between October and March, while most of the patients in group C (58.2%, 6697/11 506) were injured between May and October. (3) Outcome and epidemiological variation: the cure rate of patients in group SF was 32.3% (1645/5089), which was obviously lower than that of group C (44.7%, 5143/11 506, χ(2) = 215.615, P < 0.01). The mortality of patients in group SF was 1.6% (79/5089), and it was obviously higher than that of group C (0.4%, 46/11 506, χ(2) = 62.700, P < 0.01). From 1996 to 2001, patients in group SF accounted for 42.5% (2213/5212), while patients in group C accounted for 57.5% (2999/5212) of the inpatients scalded by hot liquid. After taking preventive measures against injury due to Guo-lian-kang, incidence of scald injury in group SF was lowered to 27.1% (2876/10 604), while the incidence in group C remained at 72.9% (7728/10 604) of the inpatients with hot liquid scald from 2002 to 2010. The difference between the two periods was statistically significant (χ(2) = 376.695,P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The defect of construction of Guo-lian-kang is one of the main factors that lead to a high incidence of pediatric burn in the midwest of Inner Mongolia. Installation of a protective bannister between the cooking pot and the "kang (heatable brick bed)" can obviously reduce the incidence of scald injury. Special injury-causing factors, unprofessional pre-hospital treatment of the wound, delayed resuscitation after shock are the main causes of increasing mortality and disability, and they constitute the key targets of prevention and treatment of such injury in future.</p>

Multivariate analysis of the efficacy of laparoscopic splenectomy in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify factors that can effectively predict the efficacy of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2007 to September 2012, 78 patients with ITP underwent laparoscopic splenectomy were retrospectively analyzed. According to the postoperative platelet (PLT) count and haemorrhagic manifestations, they were divided into effective group and ineffective group. Nine influencing factors were univariate analyzed and multivariate analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In effective group (65 cases) and ineffective group (13 cases), average PLT count of 1 day before surgery was 47×10(9)/L vs. 21×10(9)/L, average operative time was (166 ± 46) minutes vs. (139 ± 29) minutes. Univariate analysis result: PLT count of 1 day before surgery (Z = -2.776, P = 0.005) and operative time (t = 2.723, P = 0.011) was statistically significant in 2 groups, the rest factors did not significantly influence the result. Multivariate analysis revealed that only PLT count of 1 day before surgery was statistically significant (OR = 0.964, 95%CI: 0.932-0.997, P = 0.031) in 2 groups, but operative time (P = 0.051) was not statistically significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PLT count of 1 day before surgery is a predict factor in LS for ITP. Because of the limited sample number, further multi-center prospective study with large sample is warrant.</p>

Anti-EPO receptor antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus with anemia / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To investigate the presentationand significance of circulating autoantibodies to erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods One hundred and twenty-four consecutive patients with SLE, seven with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), 19 patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and 45 normal individuals were involved in this study. In all patients with SLE, the disease activity was evaluated using the European consensus Lupus Activity Measurement scale. Antibodies to EPOR were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All data were tested with Chi-squared or Student's t tests by SPSS software. Results A higher frequency of antibodies to EPOR were detected in SLE patients than healthy controls (20.2% vs 2.2%, P=0.004), however, they could not be detected in AIHA and IDA patients. Moreover, anti-EPOR antibodies were detected in 17 (33.3%) of 51 SLE patients with anemia, compared with that in 8 (11.0%, P=0.002) of 73 patients without anemia. Furthermore, patients with antibodies to EPOR had more severe anemia and often presented as microcytic anemia (P =0.005) than those without anti-EPOR antibodies. Finally, anti-EPOR antibodies seemed to be more likely to occur in patients with skin rash (P=0.014), low levels of C3 component of complement (P=0.01), positive anti-dsDNA antibodies (P=0.000) and higher disease activity scores (P= 0.024). Conclusion The higher incidence of antibodies to EPOR in SLE patients with anemia suggest that anti-EPOR antibodies might play a vital role in the development of anemia in SLE patients. Thus, detecting anti-EPOR antibodies in SLE patients with anemia may be helpful.